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Components Coating Conveyor—Spray Painting Conveyor Line—different kinds of Painting conveyors

1. Core Components

A typical spray painting conveyor line system usually includes:

  1. Conveying Equipment (Core Carrier):
    • Types: Overhead chain, floor-mounted chain (skid/trolley system), belt conveyor, roller conveyor, etc. The overhead chain is the most common type, suitable for small and medium-sized parts (e.g., home appliances, hardware).
    • Function: Provides power to pull the “carriers” (hangers, skids) holding the workpieces.
  2. Workpiece Carrier / Hanger:
    • Hooks, racks, turntables, skids, etc. These are specially designed based on the workpiece shape to fix and present the workpiece.
  3. Drive and Tensioning System:
    • Drive Station: Provides power for the movement of the chain or track.
    • Tensioning Device: Maintains proper tension in the conveyor chain to prevent slipping or sagging.
  4. Track System:
    • Guides the path of the conveyor chain and carriers, including straight sections, horizontal/vertical curves, lift sections, etc.
  5. Control System:
    • PLC (Programmable Logic Controller): The brain of the system, controlling start/stop, speed, and coordination with spraying equipment.
    • HMI (Human-Machine Interface): Touchscreen for operators to monitor and set parameters.
    • Identification System: Such as RFID or barcode readers, to identify different workpieces and call up corresponding spraying programs.
  6. Safety and Auxiliary Facilities:
    • Emergency stop switches, safety light curtains, guardrails, lubrication systems, exhaust ducts, etc.

2. Main Workflow (Taking Automatic Spraying as an Example)

  1. Loading / Hanging: Workers fix workpieces onto hangers at the starting end of the line. This can be manual or automated by robots.
  2. Pre-treatment: The conveyor line carries workpieces sequentially through pre-treatment stages (e.g., degreasing, rinsing, phosphating, drying).
  3. Spraying Zone:
    • Preparation: Before entering the spray booth, workpieces may pass through an automatic blow-off station (for dust removal).
    • Spraying: The conveyor line moves through the spray booth at a constant, preset speed. Spraying robots or automatic spray guns operate according to preset programs and synchronize tracking with the conveyor line speed to ensure even coating.
    • For Complex Workpieces: Hangers may have rotation capabilities (via friction wheels or motors), allowing workpieces to rotate while moving for all-angle coverage.
  4. Leveling and Curing: After spraying, workpieces enter the leveling section (allowing the paint to flow evenly) and then proceed to the oven/drying tunnel (curing by hot air, infrared, or UV). The conveyor line must withstand high-temperature environments.
  5. Cooling and Unloading: Cured workpieces are cooled in a cooling section and then conveyed to the end for manual or robotic unloading.
  6. Empty Hanger Return: Empty hangers return to the loading area via the conveyor system (usually a lower track level), completing the cycle.

3. Key Technologies and Features

  • Synchronization Technology: Spraying robots must synchronize their motion precisely with the moving workpiece, which is core to achieving high-quality automatic spraying.
  • Accumulation Function (Optional): In more advanced systems, the conveyor line has an “accumulation” function. Workpieces can pause and accumulate at non-spraying stations (e.g., loading, unloading, maintenance) without stopping the entire line, improving flexibility.
  • Adjustable Speed: Line speed can be adjusted according to process requirements (e.g., coating thickness, curing time).
  • Flexibility: Through identification systems and programmable controls, mixed-model production can be achieved, meaning different workpieces can be painted on the same line with automatic parameter switching.

4. Main Application Areas

  • Automotive Industry: Vehicle body and component painting.
  • Home Appliance Industry: Spraying of refrigerator, air conditioner, washing machine casings.
  • Metal Furniture and Building Materials: Doors, windows, filing cabinets, aluminum profiles.
  • General Industry: Hardware tools, electronic device casings, toys, etc.

5. Selection and Design Considerations

  1. Workpiece Characteristics: Size, weight, shape, material.
  2. Process Requirements: Coating type (paint, powder), film thickness requirements, production cycle time (capacity).
  3. Workshop Conditions: Available space, ceiling height, ambient temperature/humidity.
  4. Automation Level: Manual spraying, automatic spraying, or human-robot collaboration.
  5. Maintenance and Cost: Initial investment, operating energy consumption, ease of maintenance.

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